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The same direct-drive technology that has been proven to yield considerable energy savings could also benefit smaller vehicles, provided of course that the unit cost could be reduced by economies of scale.

TheWheel™ SM450/1AL has been designed to cater to the increasing demand from the automotive industry and private initiatives.

Cost Challenge:

The cost of the direct-drives will of course represent an important part of the vehicle cost. Other components such as the batteries and other auxiliary systems, however, will likely have a significant impact on the overall cost as well.

Passenger cars, in sharp contrast to public transit or industrial applications, are driven only about 15,000 kilometers per year. Besides, these vehicles are generally speaking reasonably energy efficient. In the near future, it will therefore remain very difficult to achieve a similar positive ecological and financial result as has already been unequivocally demonstrated with both the Whisper™ and the e-Traction-Bus.

Discussions are currently underway about the conversion of a conventional delivery van, which would become equipped with the e-Traction® System using a fuel cell as a generator. The development cost of this government supported initiative will be quite significant. We are of course eager to partake in such endeavors provided we can indeed afford to do so from a financial point of view.

Specifications of a proposed (European) Fuel Cell powered
e-Traction® Delivery Van
using the TheWheel™ SM450/1AL
Dual electric direct drive units per vehicle [Nr] 2
Maximum torque                @ zero speed  [Nm] 400
Nominal torque                   @ 90km/h [Nm] 200
Torque                               @ maximum speed [Nm] 129
Nominal  load per TheWheel [kg] 1,000
Tire Diameter [mm] 640
Rim dimension minimal [inch] 19
TheWheel™ SM450/1AL diameter [mm] 450
TheWheel™ SM450/1AL length [mm] 250
Tire choice   225/35 R19"
Weight  [kg] 50
Nominal power kW 28
Degree of sealing [IP Class] 54
Estimated Vehicle Performance
Maximum load per Vehicle [kg] 2,500
Maximum speed  [Km/H] 120
Acceleration 0 to 100 km/h [SEC] 20
Maximum slope [%] 12
Maximum driving time @ 120km/h on battery alone [Hours] 0.34
Maximum driving distance [Km] 511
Maximum driving distance on battery alone [Km] 110
Maximum driving time @ city average speed [Hours] 4,0
Fuel tank volume [L] 130
Fuel consumption @ 30km/h in the city [km/l] 34.7
Emission per Km = 70,2 gr. CO [l/100km] 2.9
Fuel consumption @50km/h in the city [km/l] 32.3
Emission per Km = 78 gr. CO2  [l/100km] 3.1
Fuel consumption @80km/h secondary road [km/l] 22.3
Emission per Km = 114 gr. CO2  [l/100km] 4.5
Fuel consumption @120km/h on the highway  [km/l] 13.4
Emission per Km = 192 gr. CO2  [l/100km] 7.4
Electric System and Power supply 
Voltage drive system [VDC] 144
Battery pack: Lithium- Ion [kWh] 15
Battery pack weight [kg]  144
External (overnight recharging) Voltage [VAC] 220
External (overnight recharging) Amperes [Amp] 32
Frequency [Hz] 50
Generator: Fuel cell [kW] 14
Generator weight [kg] 50

A go-ahead decision for the final development and production of TheWheel™ SM450/1AL system will largely depend on the size of the long term financial commitment the prospective customers are willing to make. The brief availability of certain subsidies certainly might make such innovative endeavors seem artificially commercially attractive. If the final product, however, would remain essentially uncompetitive, the joint technical and financial resources should be deployed in the development of more commercially promising and ecologically beneficial concepts. Our involvement in the small vehicle market segment is, due to the high development and production cost, currently considered unlikely and outside of our area of concentration. Improving the energy efficiency of public transit and utility vehicles, such as garbage trucks, is even at our current high production cost already economically and ecologically viable.

Below is a design study of three Dutch universities of the Car in the Future featuring four dummy TheWheel™ SM450/1AL units powered by a fuel-cell in a proposed All Wheel Drive and All Wheel Steering concept was shown at the 2007 AutoRAI in Amsterdam.

 

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Last modified: June 12, 2007