Delft, October 18^th 2004

On Thursday October 14^th 2004 we conducted measurements in Apeldoorn to establish the fuel consumption of the “e-Traction Bus”. These measurements were conducted at the industrial park where the company e-Traction is located. The total distance covered was 28.3 km, divided in two sessions each covering 9 loops of more than 1.5km. The test circuit had the character of light inner city traffic in terms of speed, the number of turns and intersections. The maximum speed during the test was 40 km/h. The test is reasonably comparable to the one we conducted on May 14^th 2004 in Heerenveen with a conventional VDL Berkhof Ambassador 200 and its hybrid version, “The Whisper”.

During the measurements of October 14^th the “e-Traction Bus” used less than 15.9 liter per 100 km (= 6.3 km per liter, or 14.8 MPG) on the test circuit. In addition, this bus uses electricity from a set of batteries, which is intended to be recharged from the power grid. The electricity used during the test is roughly 20 kWh per 100 km.

The production of CO₂ could be determined from the quantity of fuel and electricity consumed during the test. The average CO₂ production of Dutch energy companies of 0.63 kg per kWh was taken into account. This resulted in a combined emission of roughly 540 grams of CO₂ per km, of which 420 grams was production by the diesel generator and 120 grams by the energy company. For comparison: a bus that drives for instance 2.2 km per liter (= 5.2 MPG), produces 1,214 grams of CO₂ per km.

These findings are valid only in relation to the above mentioned tests. Measurements in standard cycles and in actual revenue service may reveal variances.

TNO Automotive

Delft, The Netherlands